Shoulder Arthritis

What is Shoulder Arthritis?

Shoulder arthritis refers to the inflammation and degeneration of the shoulder joint, leading to pain and reduced mobility. The shoulder comprises two main joints: the glenohumeral joint, where the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) fits into the shoulder socket of the shoulder blade (scapula), and the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, where the collarbone meets the shoulder blade. Arthritis can affect either or both of these joints.

There are several types of shoulder arthritis:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that causes the cartilage to wear down over time.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the joint lining.
• Post-traumatic arthritis: Develops after an injury to the shoulder.
• Rotator cuff tear arthropathy: Occurs when a large, long-standing rotator cuff tendon tear leads to arthritis.
• Avascular Necrosis: A disrupted blood supply to the humeral head causes joint damage.

What Are the Symptoms of Shoulder Arthritis?

The symptoms of shoulder arthritis often develop gradually but can become severe over time. Common signs include the following:

• Pain: A deep, aching pain in the shoulder, which may worsen with activity or at night.
• Stiffness: Reduced range of motion, making it difficult to lift the arm or perform overhead activities.
• Grinding or clicking: Sensation of grinding or clicking in the shoulder during movement.
• Swelling and tenderness: Present around the shoulder joint.

If you’re noticing these signs, it may be time to consult a shoulder specialist. A thorough evaluation can help determine whether you have shoulder arthritis and what treatment options may be most effective.

What Causes Shoulder Arthritis?

There are several contributing factors that may lead to the development of shoulder arthritis:

• Age: The risk increases with age, particularly over 50.
• Previous injuries: Fractures, dislocations, or rotator cuff tears can lead to arthritis.
• Repetitive stress: Occupations or activities that involve repetitive shoulder movements.
• Genetics: A family history of arthritis can increase risk.
• Inflammatory diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

As arthritis progresses, the smooth cartilage that cushions the shoulder joint can deteriorate. This may cause the formation of bone spurs, which further limit movement and increase discomfort.

How is Shoulder Arthritis Diagnosed?

A proper diagnosis of shoulder arthritis typically involves:

• Medical history review: This will include considering previous injuries, lifestyle, and symptoms.
• Physical examination: Checking for tenderness, pain during motion, and strength.
• Imaging studies: X-rays may be used to assess joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and alignment. MRI scans may also be used to evaluate soft tissue structures like the rotator cuff.

Accurate diagnosis helps ensure that the treatment plan aligns with your condition and goals. At Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow, we use a comprehensive approach to assess the full function and health of the shoulder joint.

How is Shoulder Arthritis Treated?

Treatment depends on the severity and progression of arthritis. While non-operative treatments may work for many people, some may benefit more from surgical intervention. Our goal is always to find the right solution for each patient.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

The following non-surgical treatments may relieve pain and slow the progression of arthritis:

• Physical therapy: Exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen shoulder muscles.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid injections: To provide temporary pain relief.
• Lifestyle modifications: Activity adjustments to reduce joint stress.

While these approaches may help reduce pain and delay the need for surgery, they may not be suitable for everyone, especially if the joint damage is advanced.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgical treatments are considered when non-surgical options no longer provide pain relief or adequate function. Surgical treatment may include the following:

• Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure used to clean out the joint.
• Shoulder replacement surgery: Replacing the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial components.
• Reverse total shoulder replacement: Recommended in cases where the rotator cuff tendons are severely damaged or torn.

Surgery can be an effective method to treat arthritis and restore mobility. At Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow, we offer both traditional and advanced surgical treatment options, based on each patient’s condition and lifestyle goals.

Can Shoulder Arthritis Be Prevented?

While it’s not always possible to completely prevent arthritis of the shoulder, there are steps that may help reduce your risk:

• Regular exercise: Maintaining shoulder strength and flexibility.
• Avoiding repetitive strain: Taking breaks during activities that stress the shoulder.
• Injury prevention: Using proper techniques during physical activities.
• Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight and managing chronic conditions.

Being proactive about shoulder health can go a long way in minimizing symptoms and maintaining function as you age.

Take the Next Step Toward Shoulder Pain Relief

Shoulder pain and stiffness don’t have to control your life. Whether you’re dealing with mild discomfort or advanced arthritis, the team at Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow is here to help. With convenient locations in Marietta and Atlanta, GA, our orthopedic specialists are committed to helping you regain mobility and get back to doing what you love.

If you’re ready to explore your options — from physical therapy to reverse total shoulder replacement — contact us today to schedule a consultation. Together, we can develop a treatment plan that fits your needs and offers lasting pain relief.