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From injury-related procedures to treatments for chronic conditions like arthritis, hand and wrist surgeries play a vital role in restoring movement, reducing pain, and improving overall quality of life. In this article, we’ll explore the different types of hand surgery, common conditions that may require them, and what to expect from professional care.
If you’re dealing with pain, stiffness, or reduced mobility in your hands or wrists, our team at Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow in Marietta and Atlanta, GA, is here to help. Our skilled specialists are trained in advanced diagnostics and procedures to support hand and wrist health. Contact us today to learn more or schedule a consultation.
Hand surgery is a specialized branch of orthopedic surgery that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of conditions affecting the hand and wrist. These procedures aim to restore hand function, improve finger movement, and alleviate arthritis pain or discomfort caused by trauma, overuse, or disease.
The hand is a complex structure consisting of eight small bones in the wrist (also known as carpal bones), multiple tendons, ligaments, and joints. It also includes the main nerves like the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and radial nerve. Surgery may address damage or deformities involving any of these components to help patients regain hand and wrist movement in order to resume simple tasks without discomfort.
Hand surgeries may include traditional open procedures or be performed as a minimally invasive surgery, depending on the specific condition and patient needs.
Several types of hand surgery are used to treat injuries, degenerative diseases, and nerve or tendon issues. Here’s an overview of the most common surgical procedures:
One of the most common surgeries in the hand specialty, carpal tunnel release surgery, is used to relieve symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. This surgical procedure may be done via a traditional or minimally invasive procedure, with the goal of reducing pressure on the nerve and restoring normal sensation and movement.
Trigger finger occurs when the flexor tendon in a finger becomes irritated and swollen, making it difficult for the affected finger to straighten. In surgery, the tight portion of the tendon sheath is released to allow smoother motion. This outpatient procedure can significantly improve finger movement and grip strength.
Injuries to the tendons due to lacerations, trauma, or overuse can lead to impaired function. Tendon repair surgery reconnects torn tendons using sutures, and in more complex cases, tendon grafts or a synthetic mesh may be used. Prompt treatment improves the chances of full recovery and restores hand strength.
When nerve injuries occur, surgical intervention may be necessary. Depending on the extent of damage, surgeons may perform a nerve graft, direct repair, or nerve transfer to help restore sensation and motor function. This is especially relevant for damage to the ulnar nerve, radial nerve, or median nerve.
Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, or severe degenerative changes may benefit from joint replacement. In this surgery, a damaged joint is replaced with an artificial joint to reduce pain and improve motion. Replacement joints may be made from silicone rubber or metal. Commonly replaced areas include the wrist joint and knuckle joints.
Joint fusion is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis who experience pain or instability in the hand. During this procedure, the cartilage between two wrist bones or finger joints is removed, and the bones are fused together using internal fixation (plates/screws). Over time, the bones fuse into a single solid structure, providing pain relief and improving stability.
When broken bones in the hand or wrist do not align properly, surgical techniques such as open reduction or closed reduction and internal fixation or external fixation devices may be necessary. These procedures stabilize the fracture using pins, screws, or plates and help restore proper alignment for healing. Common indications include wrist fracture, fractures involving the forearm, or dislocations involving two bones of the wrist.
Reconstructive procedures address congenital abnormalities, trauma, or deformities caused by conditions like Dupuytren’s contracture or rheumatoid arthritis. This can include tendon repair, nerve realignment, and bone restructuring to restore movement and function.
Infections of the hand may require surgical drainage or debridement to remove scar tissue, infected material, or pus. This can prevent further complications and is often paired with antibiotics and hand therapy during recovery.
As with any surgical procedure, there are inherent risks. Though many patients experience significant pain relief and improved function, outcomes can vary. Your hand specialist will discuss potential risks, which may include:
It’s important to follow all pre- and post-operative care instructions to optimize healing and reduce complications.
Whether you’re dealing with a wrist injury, ongoing arthritis pain, or complications from carpal tunnel syndrome, professional care can make a difference. At Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow, our specialists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of hand and wrist issues using the latest techniques in traditional and minimally invasive surgery.
Our team offers personalized treatment plans that may include hand therapy, conservative treatments, or surgical procedures, depending on your needs. We work closely with each patient to determine the most appropriate course of action.
If you’re experiencing common symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or reduced strength in the hand or wrist, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and treatment can often lead to better outcomes and faster recovery times.
If you’re struggling with pain, mobility issues, or chronic hand conditions, our physicians at Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow are here to help. Our hand surgeons in Marietta and Atlanta, GA, are among the top specialists in the field, offering both traditional surgery and minimally invasive procedures to improve your quality of life.
Let us help you restore your comfort, function, and independence. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and begin your journey to recovery.Â
Medically reviewed by
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Plastic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hand & Plastic Surgeon
