Clavicle Fracture

What is a Clavicle Fracture?

A clavicle fracture occurs when the collarbone, the slender bone connecting the shoulder joint to the breastbone, breaks. Because this bone is positioned close to the skin, a fracture can cause noticeable deformity. 

Most clavicle fractures occur in the middle third of the bone, which is the weakest point. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, this type of injury accounts for 5% of adult fractures.

Learn more about our specialized trauma and fracture care at Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow in Marietta and Atlanta, GA.

What Are the Different Types of Clavicle Fractures?

Doctors classify clavicle fractures based on their location and severity:

• Midshaft fractures: The most common type, occurring in the middle of the bone.
• Distal fractures: Near the shoulder joint, where the clavicle meets the acromion of the shoulder blade.
• Medial fractures: Near the breastbone (sternum); less common but sometimes associated with birth trauma in newborns.

Fractures can also be described as displaced or non-displaced. In a displaced fracture, the broken pieces of the bone move out of alignment. A displaced clavicle fracture may require surgical fixation to help ensure the bone heals correctly and restores range of motion.

What Are the Symptoms of a Clavicle Fracture?

Broken collarbone symptoms can vary based on the fracture’s severity, but often include:

• Sharp pain at the site of injury
• Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the collarbone
• Difficulty lifting the arm or shoulder
• A visible bump or abnormal contour where the fracture occurs
• Grinding or popping sensations when attempting to move the shoulder
• Some patients may also experience tingling or numbness if surrounding blood vessels or nerves are affected.

Common Causes of Clavicle Fractures

Clavicle fractures occur from various incidents, including:

• Falls onto an outstretched arm or shoulder
• Contact sports such as football, hockey, or wrestling
• Motor vehicle accidents
• A direct blow to the shoulder or collarbone area
• Birth trauma in newborns, especially during difficult deliveries

Certain risk factors, such as osteoporosis, previous fractures, or high-impact athletic activities, may increase the likelihood of sustaining this injury.

How Are Clavicle Fractures Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of how the injury occurred. The physician checks for tenderness, swelling, and shoulder alignment.

To confirm the diagnosis and determine the fracture’s pattern, imaging tests are used, including:

• X-rays: The standard tool to visualize the break and check bone alignment.
• CT scan: Sometimes recommended for complex fractures or when detailed imaging is necessary to plan further treatment.

Fractured Collarbone Treatment

How doctors treat clavicle fractures depends on the type and severity of the injury.

Non-Surgical Treatment

• Arm sling or brace to immobilize the shoulder and limit movement.
• Pain medication or pain relievers for comfort.
• Ice therapy to reduce swelling.
• Gradual movement exercises and physical therapy to restore strength and flexibility as the bone heals.

Surgical Treatment

If the displaced fracture prevents proper alignment or the bone movement is significant, surgery may be recommended. The procedure typically involves securing the bone fragments with plates, screws, or pins to help maintain alignment during healing.

Both approaches often require follow-up appointments to ensure proper recovery and to monitor the healing process.

Recovery from a Fractured Clavicle

Most patients recover within several weeks to a few months, depending on the fracture type and treatment plan. During recovery:

• Physical therapy helps restore strength, posture, and range of motion.
• A gradual return to activities helps prevent stiffness and promote proper function.
• Patients are encouraged to follow their care team’s advice regarding pain relief, rehabilitation, and further treatment if needed.

In children and young adults, most broken collarbones heal relatively quickly. However, recovery may take longer in older adults or in cases involving a displaced clavicle fracture or other complications.

Take the Next Step Toward Recovery

If you believe you have a clavicle fracture or are experiencing broken collarbone symptoms, don’t delay care. Our experienced physicians at Georgia Hand, Shoulder & Elbow in Marietta and Atlanta, GA, provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment for upper extremity injuries, including clavicle fractures. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and begin your personalized recovery plan.